ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Palynology of core 1-AS-20-AM from the Miocene and Quaternary of western Amazonia
1
Faculty of Geosciences (FAGEO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
2
Center for Natural and Biological Sciences (CCBN), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
3
Center for Tropical Paleontology and Archeology (CTPA), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI),
Ancon, Panama City, Panama
Online publication date: 2024-12-17
Publication date: 2024-12-17
HIGHLIGHTS
- Palynology is the main basis for biostratigraphy in western Amazonia;
- We present new pollen data from a key site, core 1-AS-20-AM;
- Solimões (Miocene) and Içá (Quaternary) formations were drilled;
- The Solimões is placed in the Middle and Late Miocene;
- A marine incursion was detected for the Middle Miocene;
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The western Amazon landscapes evolved during the Neogene–Quaternary in response to the effects
of the Andean orogeny and dynamic topography. During the Miocene, sedimentary basins accumulated hundreds
of meters of sediments that harbor the biological history of the region and, consequently, the emergence of the
amazonian biome. Palynology is the main source of biostratigraphic and paleobotanical information, its use has
allowed placing sedimentary and biological events during the Miocene in a chronological framework. Here, we
present palynological data from core 1-AS-20-AM, located in the northeastern portion of the Solimões Basin and
exposing the Solimões and Içá formations of Miocene and Pleistocene ages, respectively. Pollen samples were
collected throughout the 286 meters of core and processed following standard palynology methods. We report
well-known index species from zonation schemes in Colombia and Venezuela, adapted for use in western Amazonia,
and place the Solimões Formation in core 1-AS-20-AM into the Middle to Late Miocene. The occurrence of
Cyatheacidites annulatus, marker of zone T17, confirms the presence of the latest Miocene in the basin, recorded
for the first time in cores. The Içá Formation in core 20AM is only tentatively assigned to zone T18 of Pliocene/
Pleistocene age. We discuss the possibility of a six-million-year hiatus between the formations. Several species
are recorded at a topmost extant (Holocene) sample and can serve as calibration for last appearance events. We
also detected a Middle Miocene marine incursion along ~60 meters at the bottom of the core. Ten new taxa are
erected formally, some of which had been recorded informally elsewhere and will be useful for future biostratigraphic
correlations. The new species also document the first occurrences of two plant groups for the Miocene of
Amazonia, they are related to Cabomba (Cabombaceae), and Eichhornia/Pontederia (Pontederiaceae). The new
data from core 1-AS-20-AM will be key for regional biozonation schemes and analyses of biodiversity emergence.
FUNDING
This research was supported by postdoctoral
grant no 150247/2020-6 (to CD).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have
declared that no competing interests exist.
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