ORIGINAL ARTICLE
New Late Cretaceous fruit and its seeds from
the Ingersoll Shale (eastern Alabama, U.S.A.)
indicate affinity with Ranunculaceae
(Ranunculales)
1
Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, 5871 USA Dr., N Mobile, Alabama 36688 USA
2
State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
3
Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road R8500, Austin, Texas
78758 USA
Online publication date: 2024-12-17
Publication date: 2024-12-17
HIGHLIGHTS
- A new Cretaceous (Santonian) fruit is described from the Ingersoll Shale in Alabama.
- Two fruits are in evidence, one with several seeds.
- The fruits have characters strongly suggestive of Ranunculaceae.
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
We describe a new ranunculacean fruit from Ingersoll Shale sediments (Santonian, 85.5 to 83.5 Ma),
a part of the Eutaw Formation as it occurs in eastern Alabama. The Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae are basal eudicots
but their fossil record is not well documented which is most likely due to their taxa being predominantly
herbaceous and therefore lacking a propensity for fossilization. Two fruits are in evidence, one is a mature fruit
in the process of dehiscence and in which several seeds are describable, and the other is interpreted as a less
mature fruit. From these fruits, we describe a new genus, Costellifructus Axsmith, Stults, Wang, et Boucher
gen. nov., and species, Costellifructus alabamensis Axsmith, Stults, Wang et Boucher sp. nov. Both fruits are
urceolate and display follicles that are fused at the base and maintain this fusion through the length of the main
body of the fruit thus forming a capsule. The fusion of follicles is denoted by areas of depression on the fruit.
Especially observable in the large fruit are follicular ridges which continue into long stylar extensions. Interestingly,
this is a character which is also very recognizable on extant ranunculacean genera such as Aquilegia L.
and Delphinium Tourn. ex L. Seeds are characterized as small (2.5 × 2 mm), rugose, ridged, obovate longitudinally,
and trigonal in cross-section profile, properties fitting within some ranunculacean taxa.
FUNDING
This research is supported by NSF
grant EAR-0642032 (to BJA).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have
declared that no competing interests exist.
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