ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Carpological remains from the Pliocene of
Almenno and the Early Pleistocene of Leffe in the
collections of the Caffi Museum of Bergamo, Italy
1
Earth Sciences Dept., Turin University, via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Turin, Italy
2
Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi”, Piazza Cittadella 10, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
3
University of Milan Bicocca, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Piazza della Scienza 1,
20126 Milan, Italy
4
Palaeo-Bavarian-Geological Survey, Daxerstr. 21, D-82140 Olching, Germany
Submission date: 2025-03-19
Acceptance date: 2025-06-02
Online publication date: 2025-12-18
Publication date: 2025-12-18
HIGHLIGHTS
- Insights on the palaeoflora, palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate of northern Italy
- Museum collection catalogued and available for deeper future studies
- Fruit and seed assemblages provide new information in a poorly studied area
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The Caffi Museum of Bergamo hosts numerous fossil fruits, seeds, cones and fructifications found
in the marine deposits of the Pliocene, close to the village of Almenno, and in the lacustrine deposits of the Early
Pleistocene lignite-bearing basin of the historical locality Leffe. Despite the bias towards larger carpological
objects, the material can be considered very relevant for the study of the history of vegetation development in
Northern Italy during the late Cenozoic, because it originates from independently dated sediments and from an
area that is poor in palaeocarpological assemblages. As a result of the palaeocarpological analyses, 8 carpological
taxa have been determined at Almenno, and 21 at Leffe, 18 of which could be identified to a modern genus.
Eventual previous determinations, often preliminary, are revised, but the occurrence of carpological remains of
Carya, Phellodendron and Magnolia is confirmed and well-assessed in the Calabrian. Several fossil-species are
reported for the first time in the studied area and permit a comparison with richer assemblages occurring in
the neighbouring Piemonte region.
FUNDING
No.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors
have declared that no competing interests exist.
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