ORIGINAL ARTICLE
CT-scans of capsules from the Clarno Formation (Oregon, USA) reveal an extinct Eocene theaceous taxon
1
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7800, USA
Online publication date: 2020-12-03
Publication date: 2020-12-30
Acta Palaeobotanica 2020; 60(2): 251–258
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The economically important but relatively small family Theaceae can be traced back to the Late
Cretaceous and is found today in the Western Hemisphere and Asia. Theaceous fruits are generally loculicidal
capsules and have been found as fossils throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Using reflected light and μCT-scanning,
we recognize Anubiscarpon andersonae MA Smith et Manchester gen. et sp. nov. from the middle
Eocene Clarno Formation of north central Oregon, based on five-valved, loculicidal capsules with a central columella,
persistent perianth and pedicel, preserved as impressions in lacustrine shale. Its most distinctive feature
is its apically clefted valves which are not seen in any other species of the family. Anubiscarpon augments our
understanding of former morphological diversity in the Theaceae.
REFERENCES (40)
1.
Berry, E.W., 1930. Revision of the lower Eocene Wilcox flora of the southeastern states: With descriptions of new species, chiefly from Tennessee and Kentucky. United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey Professional Paper 156, Washington D.C., 196. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp156.
2.
Chandler, M.E.J., 1926. The Upper Eocene flora of Hordle, Hants. The Palaeontographical Society, London. https://doi.org/10.1080/026934....
3.
Chandler, M.E.J., 1961. Flora of the Lower Headon Beds of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 5, 93–157.
4.
Cignoni, P., Callieri, M., Corsini, M., Dellepiane, M., Ganovelli, F., Ranzuglia, G., 2008. MeshLab: An open-source mesh processing tool. Computing 1, 129–136.
5.
Cronquist, A., 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York, New York.
6.
Dillhoff, R.M., Dilhoff, T.A., Dunn, R.E., Myers, J.A., Strömberg, C.A.E., 2009. Cenozoic paleobotany of the John Day Basin, central Oregon. The Geological Society of America, Field Guide 15, 135–164. https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.f...).
7.
Greenwood, D.R., Archibald, S.B., Mathewes, R.W., Moss P.T., 2005. Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, 167-185. https://doi.org/10.1139/e04-10....
8.
Grote, P.J., Dilcher, D.L., 1989. Investigations of Angiosperms from the Eocene of North America: A new genus of Theaceae based on fruit and seed remains. Botanical Gazette 150(2), 190–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/337764.
9.
Grote, P.J., Dilcher, D.L., 1992. Fruits and seeds from the tribe Gordonieae (Theaceae) from the Eocene of North America. American Journal of Botany 79(7), 744–753. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537....
10.
Judd, W.S., 1982. A taxonomic revision of Pieris (Ericaceae). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 63(2), 103–144.
11.
Judd, W.S., 1984. A taxonomic revision of the American species of Agarista (Ericaceae). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 65(3), 255–342.
12.
Knobloch, E., Mai, D.H., 1986. Monographie der Früchte und Samen in der Kreide von Mitteleuropa. Rozpravy Ústředního ústavu geologického 47, 1–219.
13.
Li, Y., Awasthi, N., Yang, J., Li, C., 2013. Fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and seeds of Toddalia (Rutaceae) from the Miocene of Yunnan Province, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 193, 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revp....
14.
Liu, X., Manchester, S.R., Jin, J., 2014. Alnus subgenus Alnus in the Eocene of western North America based on leaves, associated catkins, pollen and fruits. American Journal of Botany 101(11), 1925–1943. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.14....
15.
Lowe, A.J., Greenwood, D.R., West, C.K., Galloway, J.M., Sudermann, M., Reichgelt, T., 2018. Plant community ecology and climate on an upland volcanic landscape during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: McAbee Fossil Beds, British Columbia, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 511, 433–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pala....
16.
MacGinitie, H.D., 1941. A middle Eocene flora from the central Sierra Nevada. Contributions to Paleontology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 534, Washington, D.C.
17.
Mai, D.H., Walther, H., 1985. Die obereozänen Floren des Weisselster-Beckens und seiner Randgebiete. Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden 33, 5–260.
18.
Manchester, S.R., 1990. Eocene to Oligocene floristic changes recorded in the Clarno and John Day Formations, Oregon, USA. In: Knobloch, E., Kvaček, Z. (eds), Symposium Proceedings, Paleofloristic and Paleoclimatic Changes in the Cretaceous and Tertiary. Geological Survey, Prague, Czechoslovakia, pp. 183–187.
19.
Manchester, S.R., 1994. Fruits and seeds of the middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. Palaeontographica Americana 58, 1–205.
20.
Martínez-Millán, M., Crepet, W.L., Nixon, K.C., 2009. Pentapetalum trifasciculandricus gen. et sp. nov., a thealean fossil flower from the Raritan Formation, New Jersey, USA (Turonian, Late Cretaceous). American Journal of Botany 96(5), 933–949. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.08....
21.
Martius, C.F.P.d., 1824. Nova genera et species plantarum: quas in itinere per Brasiliam MDCCCXVII jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I., Bavariae regis augustissimi instituto. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.ti....
22.
Mathewes, R.W., Greenwood, D.R., Archibald S.B., 2016. Paleoenvironment of the Quilchena flora, British Columbia, during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2....
23.
Meyer, H., 1973. The Oligocene Lyons flora of northwestern Oregon. The Ore Bin 35(3), 37–53.
24.
Min, T., Bartholomew, B., 2007. Theaceae. In: Flora of China, Vol. 12. Science Press, pp. 363–444.
25.
Mondal, T.K., 2011. Camellia. In: Kole, C. (ed.), Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Plantation and Ornamental Crops. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 15–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
26.
Myers, J.A., 1998. Paleovegetational heterogeneity and the record of Eocene-Oligocene climate change in the interior Pacific Northwest. PhD, University of California, Santa Barbara, California.
27.
Odyuo, N., Roy, D.K., 2017. Pyrenaria khasiana R.N. Paul var. lakhimpurense (Theaceae), a new variety from Assam, India. Taiwania 62(1), 29–32.
28.
Pfeil, B.E., Brubaker, C.L., Craven, L.A., Crisp, M.D., 2002. Phylogeny of Hibiscus and the tribe Hibisceae (Malvaceae) using chloroplast DNA sequences of ndhF and the rpl16 intron. Systematic Botany 27(2), 333–351.
29.
Prince, L.M., 1998. Systematics of the Theodieae (Theaceae) and the resolution of morphological, anatomical, and molecular data. PhD, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
30.
Prince, L.M., 2007. A brief nomenclature review of genera and tribes in Theaceae. Aliso 24(1), 105–121. https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.....
31.
Prince, L.M., 2009. Theaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds), Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. 8. New York and Oxford, pp. 322–323.
32.
Shi, X., Fu, Q., Jin, J., Quan, C., 2017. Mummified Oligocene fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and their systematic and biogeographic implications. Scientific Reports 7(4009), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598....
33.
Stults, D.Z., Axsmith, B., 2015. New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast. Palaeontologia Electronica 18(3), 1–35 (47A). https://doi.org/10.26879/550.
34.
Tiffney, B.H. 1981. Fruits of Gordonia and seeds of Cleyera? (Theaceae) from the Brandon Lignite of Vermont. Miscellaneous Series, Publication 160. Botanical Society of America, Bloomington, IN.
35.
Tsou, C., Li, L., Vijayan, K., 2016. The intra-familial relationships of Pentaphylacaceae s.l. as revealed by DNA sequence analysis. Biochemical Genetics 54, 270–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528....
36.
UFSC FLORA DIGITAL. 2020. Fruticosa laplacea. Available from https://floradigital.ufsc.br/o..._ sp.php?img=5832. Accessed July 2020.
37.
Upadhaya, K., Mir, A.H., Roy, D.K., Odyuo, N., 2017. A new species of Pyrenaria (Theaceae-Theoideae) from Northeast India. Telopea: Journal of Plant Sciences 20, 35–40. https://doi.org/10.7751/telope....
38.
Wang, H., Blanchard, J., Dilcher, D., 2013. Fruits, seeds, and flowers from the Warman clay pit (middle Eocene Claiborne Group), western Tennessee, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica 16(3), 1–73 (21A). https://doi.org/10.26879/320.
39.
Wang, Y., He, H. Min, T.L., Zhou, L.H., Fritsch, P.W., 2006. The phylogenetic position of Apterosperma (Theaceae) based on morphological and karyotype characters. Plant Systematics and Evolution 260, 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606....
40.
Wolfe, J.A., 1968. Paleogene biostratigraphy of nonmarine rocks in King County, Washington. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 571, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp571.
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.