The late Oligocene flora from the Nirmer Tunnel at the south-western edge of the Lower Rhine
Basin was first described by Menzel (1913). A revision of Menzel’s original material indicates that most taxa are
from the vegetation of riparian forests (Magnolia burseracea, Ocotea rhenana, Rhodoleia bifollicularis, Eotrigonobalanus
furcinervis, Trigonobalanopsis rhamnoides, Sparganium sp. vel Typha sp.) and mesophytic forests
(Carpolithes dactyliformis, Sapotacites minor). Some specimens cannot be identified, so they are named Dicotylophyllum
div. spp. here. The fossil species Carpolithes dactyliformis (sandstone imprints and endocasts) belongs
to Cornaceae subfamily Mastixioideae and is lectotypified here. The floral assemblage is compared with some
similar floras from the Oligocene of Central Europe.
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Staminate inflorescences with in situ pollen from Eocene Baltic amber reveal high diversity in Fagaceae (oak family) Eva-Maria Sadowski, Alexander Schmidt, Thomas Denk Willdenowia
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