ORIGINAL ARTICLE
 
HIGHLIGHTS
  • New palynological evidence of the Silves Group, Lusitanian Basin, Portugal are presented.
  • First and short-lived marine transgressive event in the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal.
  • Better detail on the dating and depositional interpretation of the Pereiros Formation.
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The Silves Group of the Lusitanian Basin in Portugal represents the initial infill of the continental rifting basins that formed during the breakup of northern Pangaea regions. Evaporites, especially halite, mark the transition from continental to marine settings and the beginning of the deposition in passive margin basins. This work presents the results of the palynostratigraphic and palynofacies analysis of two partial sections from the Pereiros Formation at the top of the Silves Group. The two sections are composed of sandstones, mudstones and dolostones interpreted as deposited in fluvial and lacustrine settings without apparent marine influence. The palynological content is diverse and wellpreserved, dating both sections to the early Hettangian (Lower Jurassic), indicated by the presence of spores Ischyosporites variegatus, Kraeuselisporites reissingeri, Porcellispora longdonensis and the pollen grains Perinopollenites elatoides and Pinuspollenites minimus. The palynological content of one of the sections (Lamas I) is noticeable by microforaminifera linings, suggesting evidence for a hitherto marine incursion at this age in the Silves Group stratigraphy. The beds that yielded the microforaminifera linings are interpreted as having been deposited in an estuarine-type setting, created by the first and short-lived marine transgressive event in the Lusitanian Basin during the early Hettangian.
 
REFERENCES (78)
1.
Adloff, M.C., Doubinger, J., Palain, C., 1974. Contribution à la palynologie du Trias et du Lias inférieur du Portugal. «Grés de Silves» du Nord du Tage. Comunicações Serviços Geológicos Portugal LVIII, 91–144.
 
2.
Arche, A., López-Gómez, J., 2014. The Carnian Pluvial Event in Western Europe: new data from Iberia and Corre-lation with the Western Neotethys and Eastern North America–NW Africa regions. Earth-Science Reviews 128, 196–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ears....
 
3.
Aurell, M., Robles, S., Bádenas, B., Rosales, I., Quesada, S., Meléndez, G., Garcia-Ramos, J.C., 2003. Transgressive–regressive cycles and Jurassic palaeogeography of northeast Iberia. Sedimentary Geology 162(3–4), 239–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-....
 
4.
Azerêdo, A.C., Duarte, L.V., Henriques, M.H., Manuppella, G., 2003. Da dinâmica continental no Triásico aos mares do Jurássico Inferior e Médio. Cadernos de Geologia de Portugal, Instituto Geológico Mineiro, Portugal, p. 43.
 
5.
Barbacka, M., Pacyna, G., Kocsis, Á.T., Jarzynka, A., Ziaja, J., Bodor, E., 2017. Changes in terrestrial floras at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary in Europe. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeo­ecology 480, 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pala....
 
6.
Barrón, E., Gómez, J.J., Goy, A., 2002. Los materiales del tránsito Triásico–Jurásico en la región de Villaviciosa (Asturias, España). Caracterización palinológica. Geogaceta 31, 197–200.
 
7.
Barrón, E., Gómez, J.J., Goy, A., Pieren, A.P., 2006. The Triassic–Jurassic boundary in Asturias (northern Spain): palynological characterisation and facies. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 138(3–4), 187–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revp....
 
8.
Capriolo, M., Marzoli, A., Aradi, L.E., Callegaro, S., Dal Corso, J., Newton, R.J., Mills, B.J.W., Wignall, P.B., Bartoli, O., Baker, D.R., Youbi, N., Remusat, L., Spiess, R., Szabó, C., 2020. Deep CO2 in the end-Triassic Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Nature Communications 11(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467....
 
9.
Carvalho, G.S., 1950. Considerações sobre a estratigrafia das formações mais antigas da orla meso-cenozóica ocidental de Portugal. Revista Faculdade Ciências Universidade Coimbra 19, 39–48.
 
10.
Cirilli, S., 2010. Upper Triassic–lowermost Jurassic palynology and palynostratigraphy: a review. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 334(1), 285–314.
 
11.
Cirilli, S., Marzoli, A., Tanner, L., Bertrand, H., Buratti, N., Jourdan, F., Bellieni, G., Kontak, D., Renne, P.R., 2009. Latest Triassic onset of the Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP) volcanism in the Fundy basin (Nova Scotia): new stratigraphic constraints. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 286(3–4), 514–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl....
 
12.
Cirilli, S., Buratti, N., Gugliotti, L., Frixa, A., 2015. Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of the Upper Triassic Streppenosa Formation (SE Sicily, Italy) and inference on the main controlling factors in the organic rich shale deposition. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 218, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revp....
 
13.
Cirilli, S., Panfili, G., Buratti, N., Frixa, A., 2018. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction by means of palynofacies and lithofacies analyses: an example from the Upper Triassic subsurface succession of the Hyblean Plateau Petroleum System (SE Sicily, Italy). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 253, 70–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revp....
 
14.
Clement-Westerhof, J.A., Van Der Eem, J.G.L.A., Van Erve, A.W., Klasen, J.J., Schuurman, W.M.L., Visscher, H., 1974. Aspects of Permian, Triassic and Early Jurassic palynology of western Europe – a research project. Geologie en Mijnbouw 53(6), 329–341.
 
15.
Curtis, R., Evans, G., Kinsmann, D.J.J., Shearman D.J., 1963. Association of dolomite and anhydrite in recent sediments of the Persian Gulf. Nature, 196, 679–680. https://doi.org/10.1038/197679....
 
16.
Davies, J.H.F.L., Marzoli, A., Bertrand, H., Youbi, N., Ernesto, M., Schaltegger, U., 2017. End-Triassic mass extinction started by intrusive CAMP activity. Nature Communications 8, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms....
 
17.
Deenen, M.H., Ruhl, M., Bonis, N.R., Krijgsman, W., Kürschner, W.M., Reitsma, M., Van Bergen, M.J., 2010. A new chronology for the end-Triassic mass extinction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 291(1–4), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl....
 
18.
Díez, J.B., 2000. Geologia y Paleobotanica de la facies Buntsandstein en la Rama Aragonesa de la Cordillera Iberica. Implicaciones bioestratigráficas en el Peritethys occidental. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Univ. de Zaragoza/Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie-París-6.
 
19.
Dimuccio, L.A., Duarte, L.V., Cunha, L., 2014. Facies and stratigraphic controls of the palaeokarst affecting the Lower Jurassic Coimbra Group, Western Central Portugal. In: Rocha, R.B., Pais, J., Kullberg, J.C., Finney, S. (Eds), Strati 2013. First International Congress on stratigraphy. At the cutting edge of Stratigraphy. Springer Geology XLV, pp. 787–791.
 
20.
Dimuccio, L.A., Duarte, L.V., Cunha, L., 2016. Definição litostratigráfica da sucessão calcodolomítica do Jurássico Inferior da região de Coimbra-Penela (Bacia Lusitânica, Portugal). Comunicações Geológicas 103(1), 77–96.
 
21.
Doubinger, J., Adloff, M., Palain, C., 1970. Nouvelles précisions stratigraphiques sur la série de base du Mésozoïque portugais. Comptes Rendus Academie des Sciences Paris 270, 1770–1772.
 
22.
Duarte, L.V., Silva, R.L., Azerêdo, A.C., Comas-Rengifo, M.J., Mendonça Filho, J.G., 2022. Shallow-water carbonates of the Coimbra Formation, Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): contributions to the integrated stratigraphic analysis of the Sinemurian sedimentary successions in the western Iberian Margin. Comptes Rendus Géoscience 354(S3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.5802/crgeos....
 
23.
Embry, A.F., Suneby, L.B., 1994. The Triassic-Jurassic boundary in the Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 17, 857–868.
 
24.
Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., 2020. The chronostratigraphic scale. Geologic Time Scale 2020. Elsevier, pp. 21–32.
 
25.
Grimm, E.C., 1991. TILIA and TILIAGRAPH. PC Spreadsheet and Graphics Software for Pollen Data. INQUAWorking Group on Data Handling Methods.
 
26.
Gómez, J.J., Goy, A., 2005. Late Triassic and Early Jurassic palaeogeographic evolution and depositional cycles of the Western Tethys Iberian platform system (Eastern Spain). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 222(1–2), 77–94.
 
27.
Gómez, J.J., Aguado, R., Azerêdo, A.C., Cortés, J.E., Duarte, L.V., O’Dogherty, L., Rocha, R.B., Sandoval, J., 2019. The Late Triassic–Middle Jurassic Passive Margin Stage. The Geology of Iberia: A Geodynamic Approach: Volume 3: The Alpine Cycle, 113–167.
 
28.
Guex, J., Bartolini, A., Atudorei, V., Taylor, D., 2004. High-resolution ammonite and carbon isotope stratigraphy across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary at New York Canyon (Nevada). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 225, 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ep....
 
29.
Hallam, A., 1981. A revised sea-level curve for the early Jurassic. Journal of the Geological Society 138(6), 735–743. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.....
 
30.
Hallam, A., 1997. Estimates of the amount and rate of sea-level change across the Rhaetian–Hettangian and Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundaries (latest Triassic to early Jurassic). Journal of the Geological Society 154(5), 773–779. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.....
 
31.
Hallam, T., Wignall, P., Hesselbo, S.P., Robinson, S.A., Surlyk, F., 2004. Discussion on sea-level change and facies development across potential Triassic–Jurassic boundary horizons, SW Britain. Journal of the Geological Society 161(6), 1053–1056. https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-7....
 
32.
Haq, B.U., Hardenbol, J., Vail, P.R., 1988. Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and cycles of sea-level change. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 42, 71–108.
 
33.
Hesselbo, S.P., Robinson, S.A., Surlyk, F., Piasecki, S., 2002. Terrestrial and marine extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary synchronized with major carbon-cycle perturbation: a link to initiation of massive volcanism? Geology 30(3), 251–254. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7....
 
34.
Heunisch, C., Luppold, F.W., Reinhardt, L., Röhling, H.-G., 2010. Palynofazies, Bio-und Lithostratigraphie im Grenzbereich Trias/Jura in der Bohrung Mariental 1 (Lappwaldmulde, Ostniedersachsen). Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 161, 51–98.
 
35.
Hillebrandt, A.V., Krystyn, L., Kürschner, W.M., Bonis, N.R., Ruhl, M., Richoz, S., Schobben, M.A.N., Urlichs, M., Bown, P.R., Kment, K., McRoberts, C.A., Simms, M., Tomãsových, A., 2013. The Global Stratotype Sections and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Jurassic Systemat Kuhjoch (Karwendel Mountains, Northern Calcareous Alps, Tyrol, Austria). Episodes 36, 162–198. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiu....
 
36.
Hiscott, R.N., Wilson, R.C., Gradstein, F.M., Pujalte, V., Garcia-Mondéjar, J., Boudreau, R.R., Wishart, H.A., 1990. Comparative stratigraphy and subsidence history of Mesozoic rift basins of North Atlantic. AAPG Bulletin 74(1), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.1306/0C9B22....
 
37.
Kullberg, J.C., Rocha, R.B., Soares, A.F., Rey, J., Terrinha, P., Azerêdo, A.C., Callapez, P., Duarte, L.V., Kullberg, M.C., Martins, L., Miranda, R., Alves, C., Mata, J., Madeira, J., Mateus, O., Moreira, M., Nogueira, C.R., 2013. A Bacia Lusitaniana: estratigrafia paleogeografia e tectónica. In: Dias, R., Araújo, A., Terrinha, P., Kullberg, J.C. (Eds), Geologia de Portugal. Vol. II. Livraria Escolar Editora, pp. 195–347.
 
38.
Leorri, E., Cearreta, A., 2009. Recent sea-level changes in the southern Bay of Biscay: transfer function recon-structions from salt-marshes compared with instrumental data. Scientia Marina 73(2), 287–296. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar....
 
39.
Lindström, S., 2016. Palynofloral patterns of terrestrial ecosystemchange during the end-Triassic event – a review. Geological Magazine 153(2), 223–251. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00167....
 
40.
Lindström, S., Erlström, M., Piasecki, S., Nielsen, L.H., Mathiesen, A., 2017a. Palynology and terrestrial ecosystem change of the Middle Triassic to lowermost Jurassic succession of the eastern Danish Basin. Review of Palaeo-botany and Palynology 244, 65–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revp....
 
41.
Lindström, S., Van De Schootbrugge, B., Hansen, K.H., Pedersen, G.K., Alsen, P., Thibault, N., Dybkjær, K., Bjer-rum, C.J., Nielsen, L.H., 2017b. A new correlation of Triassic–Jurassic boundary successions in NW Europe, Nevada and Peru, and the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: a time-line for the end-Triassic mass extinction. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 478, 80–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pala....
 
42.
Lindström, S., Sanei, H., Van De Schootbrugge, B., Pedersen, G.K., Lesher, C.E., Tegner, C., Heunisch, C., Dybkjær, K., Outridge, P.M., 2019. Volcanic mercury and mutagenesis in land plants during the end-Triassic mass ex-tinction. Science Advances 5 (10), eaaw4018. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv....
 
43.
Lindström, S., Callegaro, S., Davies, J., Tegner, C., van de Schootbrugge, B., Pedersen, G.K., Youbi, N., Sanei, H., Marzoli, A., 2021. Tracing volcanic ­emissions from the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province in the sedimentary record. Earth-Science Reviews 212, 103444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ears....
 
44.
Martins, L.T., Madeira, J., Youbi, N., Munhá, J., Mata, J., Kerrich, R., 2008. Rift-related magmatism of the Central Atlantic magmatic province in Algarve, southern Portugal. Lithos 101, 102–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lith....
 
45.
Marzoli, A., Bertrand, H., Knight, K.B., Cirilli, S., Buratti, N., Vérati, C., Nomade, S., Renne, P.R., Youbi, N., Mar-tini, R., Allenbach, K., Neuwerth, R., Rapaille, C., Zaninetti, L., Bellieni, G., 2004. Synchrony of the Central Atlantic magmatic province and the Triassic–Jurassic boundary climatic and biotic crisis. Geology 32, 973–976.
 
46.
Mazzullo, S.J., 2000. Organogenic dolomitization in peritidal to deep-sea sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Re-search 70(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1306/2DC408....
 
47.
Nomade, S., Knight, K.B., Beutel, E., Renne, P.R., Verati, C., Féraud, G., Marzoli, A., Youbi, N., Bertrand, H., 2007. Chronology of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: implications for the Central Atlantic rifting processes and the Triassic–Jurassic biotic crisis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 244(1–4), 326–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pala....
 
48.
Palain, C., 1976. Une série détritique terrigène les «Grès de Silves»: Trias et Lias inférieur du Portugal. Memórias Serviços Geológicos Portugal 25, 377.
 
49.
Palain, C., 1979. Connaissances stratigraphiques sur la base du Mésozoique portugais. Ciências da Terra 5, 11–28.
 
50.
Panfili, G., Cirilli, S., Dal Corso, J., Bertrand, H., Medina, F., Youbi, N., Marzoli, A., 2019. New biostratigraphic constraints show rapid emplacement of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) during the end-Triassic mass extinction interval. Global and Planetary Change 172, 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glop....
 
51.
Paterson, N.W., Mangerud, G., 2020. A revised palynozonation for the Middle–Upper Triassic (Anisian–Rhaetian) series of the Norwegian Arctic. Geological Magazine 157(10), 1568–1592. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00167....
 
52.
Rasmussen, E.S., Lomholt, S., Andersen, C., Vejbak, O.V., 1998. Aspects of the structural evolution of the Lusita-nian Basin in Portugal and the shelf and slope area offshore Portugal. Tectonophysics 300, 199–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-....
 
53.
Raup, D.M., Sepkoski, J.J., 1982. Mass extinction in the marine fossil record. Science 215, 1501–1503. https://doi.org/10.1126/scienc....
 
54.
Riding, J.B., Warny, S., 2008. Palynological techniques. Second edition. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas, Texas, p. 137.
 
55.
Schaltegger, U., Guex, J., Bartolini, A., Schoene, B., Ovtcharova, M., 2008. Precise U–Pb age constraints for end-Triassic mass extinction, its correlation to volcanism and Hettangian post-extinction recovery. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 267, 266–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl....
 
56.
Schneebeli-Hermann, E., Looser, N., Hochuli, P.A., Furrer, H., Reisdorf, A.G., Wetzel, A., Bernasconi, S.M., 2018. Palynology of Triassic–Jurassic boundary sections in northern Switzerland. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 111(1–2), 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015....
 
57.
Schobben, M., Van De Schootbrugge, B., Wignall, P.B., 2019. Interpreting the carbon isotope record of mass extinc-tions. Elements 15(5), 331–337. https://doi.org/10.2138/gselem....
 
58.
Schönfeld, J., Mendes, I., 2022. Benthic foraminifera and pore water carbonate chemistry on a tidal flat and salt marsh at Ria Formosa, Algarve, Portugal. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 276, 108003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss....
 
59.
Schulz, E.K., Heunisch, C., 2005. Palynostratigraphische Gliederungsmo¨glichkeiten des deutschen Keupers. In: Beutler, G., et al. (Eds), Stratigraphie von Deutschland IV. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 253, 43–49.
 
60.
Sêco, S.L.R., Duarte, L.V., Pereira, A.J.S.C., 2015. Utilização da espectrometria gama na caracterização das unidades da base do Jurássico Inferior do sector norte da Bacia Lusitânica (Portugal): dados preliminares. Comunicações Geológicas 102 (Especial I), 41–44.
 
61.
Sepkoski, J.J., 1996. Patterns of Phanerozoic extinction: A perspective from global data bases. In: Walliser, O.H. (Ed.), Global Events and Event Stratigraphy. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 35–51.
 
62.
Shinn, E.A., 1983. Tidal flat environment. In: Scholle, P.A, Bebout, D.G., Moore, C.H. (Eds), Carbonate depositional environments. AAPG Memories 33, 173–210.
 
63.
Soares, A.F., Rocha, R.B., Elmi, S., Henriques, M.H., Mouterde, R., Almeras, Y., Ruget, C., Marques, J.F., Duarte, L.V., Carapito, M.C., Kullberg, J.C., 1993. Le sous-bassin nord-lusitanien (Portugal) du Trias au Jurassique moyen: histoire d’un “rift avorté”. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, Paris (II) 317, 1659–1666.
 
64.
Soares, A.F., Marques, J.F., Sequeira, A., 2007. Carta Geológica de Portugal Folha 19-D (Coimbra- Lousã) à escala 1: 50 000. Notícia Explicativa da Folha 19-D (Coimbra-Lousã). Lisboa, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Tecnologia e Inovação.
 
65.
Soares, A.F., Kullberg, J.C., Marques, J.F., da Rocha, R.B., Callapez, P.M., 2012. Tectono-sedimentary model for the evolution of the Silves Group (Triassic, Lusitanian basin, Portugal). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(3), 203–216. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfb....
 
66.
Tanner, L.H., Lucas, S.G., Chapman, M.G., 2004. Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions. Earth-Science Review 65, 103–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-....
 
67.
Tanner, L.H., Smith, D.L., Allan, A., 2007. Stomatal response of swordfern to volcanogenic CO2 and SO2 from Ki-lauea volcano, Hawaii. Geophysical Research Letters 34, L15807. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL....
 
68.
Teixeira, C., 1942. Notas sobre a geologia do Triássico português. Boletim Sociedade Geológica Portugal Vol. 1, Fasc. III, 161–175.
 
69.
Tyson, R.V., 1993. Chapter 5: palynofacies analysis. In: Jenkins, D.G. (Ed.), Applied Micropaleontology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, Amsterdam, pp. 153–191.
 
70.
Tyson, R.V., 1995. Sedimentary Organic Matter. Organic Facies and Palynofacies. Chapman and Hall, Londres, p. 615.
 
71.
Van De Schootbrugge, B., Payne, J.L., Tomasovych, A., Pross, J., Fiebig, J., Benbrahim, M., Föllmi, K.B., Quan, T.M., 2008. Carbon cycle perturbation and stabilization in the wake of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary mass-extinction event. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 9(4), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC....
 
72.
Van De Schootbrugge, B., Quan, T.M., Lindström, S., Puttmann, W., Heunisch, C., Pross, J., Fiebig, J., Petschick, R., Rohling, H., Richoz, S., Rosenthal, Y., Falkowski, P.G., 2009. Floral changes across the Triassic Jurassic boundary linked to flood basalt volcanism. Nature Geoscience 2(8), 589–594. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo57....
 
73.
Verati, C., Rapaille, C., Féraud, G., Marzoli, A., Bertrand, H., Youbi, N., 2007. 40Ar/39Ar ages and duration of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism in Morocco and Portugal and its relation to the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 244(1–4), 308–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pala....
 
74.
Vigran, J.O., Mangerud, G., Mørk, A., Worsley, D., Hochuli, P.A., 2014. Palynology and geology of the Triassic succession of Svalbard and the Barents Sea. Geological Survey of Norway Special Publication 14, 1–270.
 
75.
Vilas-Boas, M., Pereira, Z., Cirilli, S., Duarte, L.V., Fernandes, P., 2021. New data on the palynology of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary of the Silves Group, Lusitanian Basin, Portugal. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 290, 104426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revp....
 
76.
Wilson, R.C.L., 1975. Atlantic opening and Mesozoic continental margin basins of Iberia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 25(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8....
 
77.
Wilson, M., Giraud, R., 1998. Late Permian to recent magmatic activity on the African–Arabian margin of Tethys. In: MacGregor, D., Moody, R., Clark-Lowes, D. (Eds), Petroleum Geology of North Africa. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, vol. 132, pp. 231–263.
 
78.
Wood, G.D., Gabriel, A.M., Lawson, J.E., 1996. Palynological techniques processing and microscopy. In: Jansonius, J., McGregor, D.C. (Eds), Palynology: Principles and applications. 1. American Association Stratigraphic Paly-nology Foundation, pp. 29–50.
 
eISSN:2082-0259
ISSN:0001-6594
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top